Binomial Probability ============ If the probability of occurrences of an event E (success) in any single trial is p where p lies between 0 and 1 so that the probability of not occurring of E(failure) =q=1-p then the probability of exactly r occurrances and n-r nonoccurences of E that is exactly s=r successes (and f= n-r failures) in some order in n independent trials is given by Prob{s=r}[n,p]= n!/(r!*(n-r)!) *p^r*(1-p)^(n-r)=( n over r) *p^r*(1-p)^(n-r) Probability of at least r occurrences ( r or more to n) is sum {s=r to n) (n over s)*p^s*(1-p)^(n-s) p= probability of failure in a single event r= 0 ,1,2.3...n A sample of 10 items taken at random from infinite population Assume 0.08 are defective in population What is probability sample has exactly 2 defectives? p=0.08 s=2 answer 0.1478071 What is probability of at least two defectives prob s>=2 = 0.1878825 what is chance of not more than 2 defectives? n=10 r=3 p=.08 s>=3 0.0400754 what is probability of less than 2 defectives? s<2 1- prob(s>2) = 1-0.1878825 = 0.8121175 ------- TI-89 n= total number of items r=number of items selected p= probability an item is bad Define pp(n,r,p)=n!/(r!*(n-r)!) *p^r*q^(n-r) = probability of a single case Define ss(n,r,p)=Sigma( n!/(s!*(n-s)!) *p^s*(1-p)^(n-s),s,r,n) = probability of sum of single cases pp(10, 2, 0.08) = 0.14807 ss(10, 2, 0.08) = 0.18788 ======= On Home screen Permutations 5 things 3 at a time nPr(5,3) = 60 nPr(n,p)=n!/(n-r)! Combinations 5 things 3 at a time nCr(5,3) = 100 nPr(n,p)=n!/(r!*(n-r)!) Note for typical use. If you select nPr and nCr out of Statistics menu, it uses list1 and list2 as arguments and list3=nPr(list1, list2) and list4 = nCr(list1, list2) Any list number can be used as input and output lists.